Here is Texas, we have a thing called OSHA - the Occupational Safety and Health Administration, which has a local office literally everywhere in the US. Their job is to guide, maintain, and enforce the application of all Federal and other workplace laws designed to cover this and anything else. From the first aid kit, eye wash station, water fountains, and employer health and safety rules for all Americans who work for a living, and their employers. They are required by law to protect you and punish any employer in such a situation. If you are not in the US, I can't help you. But if you are, you should already have OSHA on it, and they should be taking measures to see that you receive proper care. Also, your employer is liable for any damage to your health regardless, in most countries I know of. Your attorney should be advocating for you.
I had such a job once in my youth, hauling glass sand from a quarry to a glass plant. My employer did not provide me with breathing equipment, so I had no choice but to quit, report them to OSHA, and file a suit. I never got anything out of it, but they do furnish appropriate breathing apparatus now. In the end you are responsible, but you need to understand the risks at your job and force your employer to keep you safe. These agencies are there to help, but if you were exposed and not warned and provided with correct equipment, you employer is liable in every way. Unfortunately, that will not undo damage already done, though. Let us know how it goes.